In other words, the Strategic Constituencies model match between an organization’s activities and stakeholders’ expectation. 2. Though laissez-faire leadership style and autocratic leadership behavior seems to be contradicting, they do co-exist in Steve Jobs’s management practices as the CEO of Apple which people explained as Steve Job is having a personalized leadership which means that his leadership behaviors serves primarily his own interests and obviously money is not the most important thing that he cares about resulting in his only focusing on the key projects in his vision leaving his other leadership roles untouched. As complimented by Bill Gates, the founder of Microsoft, that Steve Jobs always dreams about and anticipate what the customers would expect in the future. (2013) Apple’s New Organizational Structure Could Help It Move Faster, Business Insider, Available at: http://www.businessinsider.com/apples-new-organizational-structure-could-help-it-move-faster-2013-5, [2]Lashinsky, A (2015) “Apple’s Tim Cook leads different” Fortune, Available at: http://fortune.com/2015/03/26/tim-cook/, [3] Bort, J. (2017) “Apple leadership is more than 80% white and male” USA Today, Available at: https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2017/11/09/apple-leadership-more-than-80-white-and-male/850206001/, Interpretivism (interpretivist) Research Philosophy, http://www.businessinsider.com/apples-new-organizational-structure-could-help-it-move-faster-2013-5, http://www.businessinsider.com/apple-denise-young-smith-why-working-for-tim-cook-is-so-great-2015-7, https://www.ft.com/content/1e4e3cf6-c232-11e2-8992-00144feab7de, http://www.investors.com/news/technology/click/apple-could-use-new-leadership-analyst-report-suggests/, http://fortune.com/2016/01/07/tim-cook-apple-growth-challenge/, https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2017/11/09/apple-leadership-more-than-80-white-and-male/850206001/. There are several theories that illustrate leadership: the Great Man Theory, Trait Theory, Behavioural Theories, Role Theory, Participative Leadership, Lewin's leadership styles, Situational Leadership, Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Leadership, Contingency Theories, Transactional Leadership and Transformational Leadership (Kelly 2006). And it was believed that later Microsoft was forced to launch a system that followed but improved based on the Mac operating system and that system was the Microsoft Windows (Weihrich & Cannice 2010, p.371). And according one of the most recent brand study carried out by the global brands agency Millward Brown, Apple has overtaken Google as the world’s most valuable brand (Bbc.co.uk 2011). As Zaleznik (2004) suggested that one of the differences between a leader and a manager is the inspiration and human passion that a leader would incorporate into his or her motivational work whereas a manager would focus on the actual process of dividing and managing work. The score of 86 is the highest for Apple, and it has a lead of 9 points even compared the second brand Acer which only score 78. All Rights Reserved. 3. Figure 2 Steve Jobs in the Ipad presentation. 2.4.4 Steve Jobs’s leadership and organization effectiveness. Stogdill (1974) who review 163 traits studies on the leadership performed during 1949 and 1970 and he found out that these studies were often inconsistent and even contradictory so he concluded that traits alone could not explain many leadership problems such as the leadership effectiveness. Since the establishment, Apple has been focusing on the consumer electronics, computer software, and personal computers and the best-known products include Iphone, Ipad, Mac line of computers and other hardware and software products. Specifically, it has been found that “some 81% of the company’s senior officials are men and 82% of them are white. Table 1 American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI). In term of the health concerns, in the mid of 2004, Jobs announced to his employees that he had been diagnosed with a cancerous tumor in his pancreas and the following years he had been struggling with the health issues. Power and Associates 2011 U.S. Wireless Smartphone Customer Satisfaction Study, for the fifth consecutive years Iphone has been placed on the top of the satisfaction study (News.cnet.com 2011). 2.4.3 Strategic Constituencies Analysis – Employees. Leadership as a term could be defined as an influence relationship among leaders and followers who intend real changes that reflect their mutual purposes (Rost 1993, p.102). Organization effectiveness which could be defined as the company’s ability to create acceptable outcomes and actions (Yaeger & Sorensen 2009, p.309) is considered as having closed relationship with the leadership behaviors. There are a number of approaches to measure the organization effectiveness and performance, and below will use the Strategic Constituencies model to measure the effectiveness of Apple Inc under Steve Jobs’s leadership as the CEO. As one of the five ingredients of leadership, daring or risk taking is essential for a leader especially in today’s disruptive environments that demand the need for flexibility to respond to such environments which means changes and the leadership trait of risk taking to perform the changes is very important. Bennis (1994, p.39) proposed that there are five ingredients of leadership (guiding vision, passion, integrity, curiosity and daring) and by possessing which one could be a successful leader. Tim Cook has been praised for his quiet, yet effective leadership style. As claimed by Hill and Jones (2008, p.100) that for the last 20 years, fast growth of the power of the computer has greatly attributed to the high extent of innovation and a turbulent environment in the personal computer industry. What's interesting though is that these super-corporations are trying to be nimble. Although Bill Gates’ Leadership style was democratic and participative, Steve Jobs was autocratic and efficient in a way. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Sample of English Assignments By Chinese Students, Song: In the Spring In the Spring (春天里) →, Dreaming of Boyfriend's Meeting with the Parents: Dream Interpretations, Explanations and Meanings in Zhougong’s Dream Dictionary, Dream of Shit (Feces) / Urine: Dream Interpretations, Explanations and Meanings in Zhougong's Dream Dictionary. It has been rightly noted that “Cook has set a standard of financial performance that is so high, it may be impossible to meet in the future.”[6] Furthermore, Apple senior leadership team has been criticized for the lack of diversity. Moreover, since assuming the top role, Cook granted greater autonomy to new product development team, decreasing the direct participation of the CEO in new product development process. All Rights Reserved @ ChinaAbout.Net. Below let’s check whether the key stakeholders such as the users, employees and shareholders have obtained what they desire from Apple Inc. 2.4.1 Strategic Constituencies Analysis – Customers. As early as in his high school age, Jobs often joint the after-school lectures at the Hewlett-Packard Company in Palo Alto and soon he become to work as a summer employee with Steve Wozniak. As for Apple, the laissez-faire leadership style of Steve Jobs become to some extent ineffective and had made the company in disadvantage when competing with IBM after IBM’s entry into the PC market. According to many employees who had work under Steve Jobs, Jobs is a stern taskmaster who understands the art of the possible with long-range visionary (Waters & Menn 2010). But now it seems that a growing business can cover a number of issues and seemingly employees are quite content with the job they are doing. 2.4.2 Strategic Constituencies Analysis – Shareholders. The report also comprises discussions of Apple marketing strategy, ecosystem and addresses issues of corporate social responsibility. 1 smartwatch, but overall sales have disappointed. Apple leadership biographies include Apple’s executive team responsibilities and experience. To be detailed, Steve Jobs has excellent ability to captivate the audience attention and share with the audience or employees the vision that is in his mind. For Cook, it is important to build consensus among senior management regarding strategic decisions for the business. Need advice? Apple Music, which debuted in June 2015, has grown rapidly to 15 million subscribers, but it’s seen as a low-margin business.”[5], Currently, Apple Inc. faces a significant leadership challenges.
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